倒装句常见结构和用法解析与训练 倒装句的用法

倒装句的用法(倒装句常见结构和用法解析与训练)
完全倒装结构及用法
一、具有“地点”意义的副词、时间意义的副词,以及能表移动方向的副词放在句首,句子的主语是名词,谓语是连系动词或表示“位置移动”的单个不及物动词时,该动词放在主语前面 。如:There goes the bell.
注意:当主语是人称代词时,尽管副词在句首,主谓不倒装 。如:Out they rushed.
二、具有“方位”意义的介词短语或副词短语在句中作状语或表语放在句首,谓语是连系动词be,以及表示“位于、存在”或“位置移动”的单个不及物动词时,该动词放在主语前面 。如:Among the hens is a big cock.
三、作表语的形容词或分词放在句首时,连系动词放在主语前面 。如:Present at the party were the ladies in the big city.大城市的女士们出席在聚会上 。
四、全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前 。全部倒装常见结构有:
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run 。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词 。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 一枚导弹突然从轰炸机下面发射出来 。
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装 。
Here he comes. Away they went.
部分倒装结构及用法
把谓语的助动词、情态动词放在主语前面为部分倒装 。在下列情形中出现部分倒装 。
一、把“so ... that ...”句型中的“so + 形容词 / 副词”部分放在句首时,be动词或助动词放在主语前面 。如:
【倒装句常见结构和用法解析与训练 倒装句的用法】So frightened was the girl that she daren't move an inch further.
二、用so,neither或nor构成的特殊句型,表示另一人或物也具有和前面提到的同样情况时,出现部分倒装 。如:
Jim asked the question. So did Lily.
三、把具有“否定”意义的词语放在句首时,出现部分倒装 。如:
Never shall I forget your advice.
四、注意下面几种情形的倒装:
1. “only + 状语从句”和“not until + 从句”位于句首时,在主句中进行倒装 。如:
Not until the child slept did the mother leave the room.
2. “not only...but also...”连接两个分句,not only位于句首时,倒装在not only所在分句进行 。如:
Not only were the children moved but also the adults showed their pity.
3. “no sooner...than...”句型中的no sooner位于句首时,倒装在no sooner 主句中进行;“hardly / scarcely...when...”句型中的hardly位于句首时,倒装在hardly / scarcely主句中进行 。如:
No sooner had I gone in the house than it began to rain.
4. 当if引导从句表示虚拟语气时,if可省,再把从句中的were,had或should放在主语前面,形成部分倒装 。如:
Had we been present, such a thing would not have happened.
5. 当as引导让步状语从句时,参照下面的形式进行特殊倒装 。如:
Proud as these women are, they still look very weak. (作表语的形容词提前)
Student as he is, he often works in the factory. (作表语的名词提前,同时省去不定冠词a)
Hard as she worked, she couldn't support her family. (修饰谓语动词的副词提前)
Try as he would, he might fail again. (带助动词的谓语动词提前)
五、部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前 。没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前 。

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