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大雪节气的寓意和传统( 二 )

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芒种，Grain in Ear
注意这里的ear不是“耳朵”，而是: the top part of a grain plant, such as wheat , that contains theseeds （谷类植物的）穗
ears of corn 玉米穗
“芒”字是指谷类植物种子壳上的芒 。芒种之始，即谷物成熟，是反映农业物候的节气 。
The syllable"Mang" refers to the awn on the seed shell of cereal plants. The beginning of the Grain in Ear means the grains are mature, so it is a solar term reflecting agricultural phenology.
夏至，Summer Solstice
在夏至这天，北半球迎来全年白昼时间最长的一天 。这一天之后，北半球的白昼时间越来越短，气温也越来越高 。
On the Summer Solstice itself, daylight lasts the longest for the whole year in the northern hemisphere. After this day, daylight hours get shorter and shorter and temperatures become higher in the northern hemisphere.
小暑，Minor Heat
大暑时节，中国绝大部分地区进入了一年中最热的时段 。和小暑节气一样，大暑期间也时常发生洪水、干旱和台风等自然灾害 。因此，抓紧时间进行收获和播种，从而规避自然灾害造成的损失，是十分重要的 。
During Major Heat, most parts of China enter the hottest season of the year. Like Minor Heat, many natural calamities such as floods, droughts and typhoons also happen during Major Heat. Therefore, it’s important to harvest and plant in time to avoid setbacks caused by natural disasters.
立秋，Beginning of Autumn
立秋之后的高温天气通常会持续30天左右，这就是人们所说的“秋老虎” 。由于降雨量减少，这段时间甚至比大暑时更加闷热 。
The period of hot days after Start of Autumn, usually lasting for 30 days, is called"Autumn Tiger" or "Indian Summer". Because of the decreasing precipitation, it is even more sweltering during this period than during Major Heat.
处暑，End of Heat
处暑是中国农历二十四节气中的第十四节气 。处暑一到，人们就开始漫步城中，欣赏美丽的秋景 。
The End of Heat is the 14th of the 24 solar terms in the Chinese lunar calendar. When the End of Heat arrives, people start to enjoy walks around China's cities to enjoy the beautiful autumn scenery.
白露，White Dew
白露的到来预示着凉爽的秋日开始了 。温度逐渐降低，空气中的水汽在夜晚凝成青草、树叶上的白露 。
White Dew indicates the real beginning of cool autumn. The temperature declines gradually and vapors in the air often condense into white dew on the grass and trees at night.
秋分，Autumn Equinox
秋分过后，太阳直射点向南移动，北半球白昼时间变短，夜晚时间变长 。
After Autumn Equinox, the location of direct sunlight moves to the south, making days shorter and nights longer in the northern hemisphere.
寒露，Cold Dew
寒露时，中国大部分地区的气温远低于白露期间 。露水更大，气温降低，雨水减少 。秋天的庄稼成熟 。
During Cold Dew, temperatures are much lower than during White Dew in most areas of China. The dew is greater and colder and there will be less rain. Autumn crops will be ripe.
霜降，Frost’s Descent
霜降是秋季的最后一个节气，在此期间，天气相较之前会冷得多，寒霜开始出现了 。
Frost's Descent is the last solar term of autumn, during which time the weather becomes much colder than before and frost begins to appear.
地面上的水汽遇冷凝结成白色冰晶，这就是所说的“霜”（frost） 。这段时间里，植物慢慢失去生机，大地变得萧条，所以民间有“霜降杀百草”的说法 。
During Frost's Descent, frost begins to appear. But inthe lower reaches of the Yellow River region, frost first appears in late October or early November. As Frost's Descent comes, the world is filled with the atmosphere of late autumn.

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