26个字母中有5个纯元音字母（A E I O U），20个纯辅音字母 。字母Y为半元音字母 ， 当Y位于词首时为辅音字母，位于词中或词尾时为元音字母，其读音与字母I相同 。掌握五个元音字母的读音及其组合规律是学好英语的关键 。元音字母在单词中可以单独发音，也可以跟其它字母构成字母组合一起发音，常见的组合有：
一、五个元音字母在重读开音节与重读闭音节的读音1.元音字母Ａ１）在重读开音节中读字母音[ei ]
例如：name [neim] grade [greid] eraser [i’reis?] cake [keik] same [seim]table [‘teibl] late [leit]
favourite [‘feiv?rit] face [feis] tape [teip] plane [plein] potato [p?’teit?u] skate [skeit] make [meik]
lake [leik] take [teik] save [seiv] station [‘stei??n] baker [‘beik?] place [pleis] tomato[t?’meit?u]
safe [seif] gate [geit] snake [sneik] cage [keid?] baby [‘beibi] paper [‘peip?] famous [‘feim?s]
later [‘leit?] radio [‘reidi?u] patient [‘pei??nt]
2）在重读闭音节中读[?]
例如：map [m?p] bag [b?g] apple [‘?pl] fax [f?ks] glad [gl?d] hat [h?t] black [bl?k]
catch [k?t?] hamburger [‘h?mb?:g?] math [m?θ] rabbit [‘r?bit] bank [b??k] accident [‘?ksid?nt]
happen [‘h?p?n] marry [‘m?ri] exam [ig’z?m] cabbage [‘k?bid?] passenger [‘p?sind??] fact [f?kt] parrot [‘p?r?t]
２.元音字母Ｅ１）在重读开音节中读字母音[i:]
例如：these [ei:z] we [wi:] evening [‘i:vni?] be [bi:] even [‘i:v?n] Chinese[‘t?ai’ni:z]
Japanese[,d??p?’ni:z] she [?i:] he [hi:] me [mi:] metre [‘mi:t?] Swedish [‘swi:di?] scenery [‘si:n?ri] eve [i:v]
2).在重读闭音节中读字[e]
例如：ten [ten] spell [spel] pen [pen] desk [desk] egg [eg] welcome [‘welk?m] let [let]
address [?’dres] dress [dres] next [‘nekst] leg [leg] empty [’empti] mend [mend]
chess [t?es] rest [rest] letter [‘let?] better[‘bet?] left [left] tell [tel] remember [ri’memb?]
invent [in’vent] December [di’semb?] wet [wet] message [‘mesid?]
３.元音字母Ｉ１）在重读开音节中读字母音[ai]
例如：hi [hai] nine [nain] minus [‘main?s] Chinese[‘t?ai’ni:z] fine [fain] licence [‘lais?ns]
wife [waif] kite [kait] white [hwait] line [lain] mine [main] beside [bi’said] knife [naif]
rice [rais] ice [ais] ride [raid] Friday [‘fraidi] write [rait] price [prais] hike [haik]
exciting [ik’saiti?] lion [‘lai?n] tiger [‘taig?] quite [kwait] diary [‘dai?ri] science [‘sai?ns]
invite [in’vait] wine [wain] quiet [‘kwai?t] surprise [s?’praiz]
２）在读闭音节中读字母音[i]
例如：six [siks] think [θi?k] picture [‘pikt??] twin [twin] with [wie] drink [dri?k]
chips [t?ip] swim [swim] sing [si?] dinner [‘din?] dish [di?] trip [trip] winter [‘wint?] pick [pik] lift [lift] village [‘vilid?]
４.元音字母Ｏ１）在重读开音节中读字母音[?u]
例如：no [n?u] hello [h?’l?u] home [h?um] those [e?uz] over [‘?uv?] phone [f?un]
open [‘?up?n] so [s?u] nose [n?uz] broken [‘br?uk?n] robot [‘r?ub?t] code [k?ud]
close [kl?uz] smoke [sm?uk] October [?k’t?ub?] hope [h?up] ago [?’g?u] Rome [r?um]
suppose [s?’p?uz] mobile [‘m?ubil] notice [‘n?utis]
２）在重读闭音节中读[?]
例如：not [n?t] clock [kl?k] forgot[f?’g?t] doctor [‘d?kt?] lock [l?k] doll [d?l] from [fr?m]
sock [s?k] shop [??p] hot [h?t] fog [f?g] hospital [‘h?spitl] job [d??b] hobby [‘h?bi]
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